This scholarly article highlights the advanced understanding of the nervous system as described in classical Unani (Greco-Persian) medicine. It traces the roots of neurological concepts back to ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, and Arab scholars, especially Hippocrates and Galen. The paper details how Unani medicine classified nervous functions into perceptive and locomotive faculties, explained the roles of the brain, nerves, and sensory organs, and described five external senses—vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch—with logical depth. Although lacking modern technological insights, the Unani perspective on neurophysiology was remarkably accurate for its time and laid important groundwork for modern neuroscience.

Hypothyroidism (Qillat-e-Ifraz-Darqiya) in Unani medicine is due to weakened Hararat-e-Ghareeziya, managed through diet, herbal remedies like Asgand, and regimenal therapies to restore balance. Detoxification methods, lifestyle modifications, and stress management also play a key role in its treatment.

This review article explores the classical Unani concept of black bile (Sawdāʼ), one of the four essential humours (Akhlāṭ) in the human body, emphasizing its role in maintaining health and causing disease. It explains how black bile is formed as a sediment of blood, its qualities (cold and dry), and its physiological functions such as supporting bone structure, stimulating appetite, and thickening blood. The paper distinguishes between normal black bile and abnormal (morbid) black bile, describing their sources, effects, and the conditions caused by their imbalance. The role of the spleen in regulating black bile and various internal and external factors affecting its quality and quantity are also discussed. The study highlights that although black bile is needed in small quantities, its imbalance can lead to serious diseases like melancholia, black jaundice, and even systemic toxicity.

Qooba (Dermatophytosis) is a fungal skin infection treated in Unani medicine through detoxification, herbal remedies like Neem and Henna, and regimenal therapies. It focuses on balancing bodily humors to restore skin health naturally and prevent recurrence effectively.